2016年英语四级考试每日一练(1月5日)
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单项选择题
1、
Questions are based on the following passage.
The old saying of never forgetting a pretty face might be untrue as psychologists believe beautiful people are less likely to be recognized. A new study suggests that attractiveness can actually prevent the recognition of faces,unless a pretty face is particularly distinctive.
German psychologists think the recognition of pretty faces is distorted (扭曲 )by emotions. Scientists at the University of Jena, Germany, discovered that photos of unattractive people were more easily remembered than pretty ones when they showed them to a group of people. Researchers Holger Wiese, Carolin Altmann and Stefan Schweinberger from the university, wrote in their study: "We could show that the test subjects were more likely to remember unattractive faces than attractive ones, when the latter didn't have any particularly noticeable traits."
For the study, which was published in science magazine Neuropsychologia,the psychologists showed photos of faces to test subjects. Half of the faces were considered to be more attractive and the other half as less attractive, but all of them were being thought of as similarly distinctive looking. The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorize them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognized them or not.
The scientists were surprised by the result. "Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to memorize faces which are being perceived as attractive,just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces," Dr. Wiese said. But the study showed that such a connection cannot be easily sustained. He assumes that remembering pretty faces is distorted by emotional influences, which enhance the sense of recognition at a later time. The researchers' idea is backed up by evidence from EEG-recordings ( 脑电图记录) which show the brain's electric activity,which the scientists used during their experiment.
The study also revealed that in the case of attractive faces, considerably more false positiveresults were detected. In other words, people thought they recognized a face without having seen it before. "We obviously tend to believe that we recognize a face just because we find it attractive." Dr. Wiese said.
What can be inferred from the new study?
A．Beautiful people are particularly distinctive.
B．People are reluctant to recognize ugly faces.
C．Attractive faces are always easy to be recognized.
D．Attractiveness sometimes prevents the recognition of faces.
2、
Why the Super-Rich Aren't Leaving Much of Their Fortunes to Their Kids
A．What do Sting, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett have in common? All three have huge fortunes, and none of them are giving them to their kids．Sting just revealed that most of him $ 300 million would not end up with his six adult children．The musician said that he certainly didn't want to leave them trust funds that are obstacles round their necks．"They have to work．All my kids know that and they rarely ask me for anything, which I really respect and appreciate．"
B．Bill and Melinda Gates are giving a reported $10 million for each of their three children: pocketchange compared with their $ 76 billion．Buffett's three kid~ each have a $ 2 billion foundation funded by Dear Old Dad．The rest of his money goes to charity, just like Gates and several other billionaires who have invested their vast fortunes in improving the world．As Buffett famously put it, the perfect amount to leave children is "enough money so that they would feel they could do anything, but not so much that they could do nothing．"
C．All those spoiled rich kids with more money than sense won't make smart choices or live healthy, productive lives if they have unlimited access to the money they inherit．Celebrity chef Nigella Lawson has stated she has no intention of leaving a substantial inheritance: "I am determined that my children should have no financial security．It ruins people not having to earn money．"
D．Wealthy families have always struggled with this issue．But the same drama is now playing out on a smaller scale for millions of baby boomers (婴儿潮时期出生的人), who hesitate to give away $ 30 trillion over the next 30 years--the largest transfer of wealth in American history．What used to be a private family matter has become a public discussion about wealth, privilege and pemonal responsibility．Who gets the big money? Should it be the heirs? Or are they better off without it?
E．"We probably struggled over this more than any other issue," says a local self-made multi- millionaire．The businessman and his wife, worth hundreds of millions, grew up modestly in middle- class families and wanted to create a financial plan that would take care of their children--but not spoil them--if the couple died suddenly．"We were fearful of what might happen if they had control of a large amount of money at a young age," he says．"The more we stared at that, the more we became uncomfortable．"
F．Inspired by Buffett's example, they created trusts for each of their now college-age children．Each kid has $ 2．5 million controlled by trustees, who can release money only for education, health care, a home purchase or a business start-up．Any unspent money in the trust will continue to be invested and grow．Those restrictions remain in place until each child reaches age 40; after that, the money is all theirs to do as they please．By 40, their parents assume they will be mature enough to use the money wisely or save it as a safety net．The rest of the multimillion-dollar family fortune is going to a foundation, which will eventually be managed by the children and can be used only for charity．The kids are aware of the trusts and the planning that went into them．"They really are thrilled with it," their father says．"They want to be their own persons．" A huge inheritance, he
believes, can be a lifelong trap for children of rich parents．"I didn't want them to look in the mirror and say, ' Who am I?'"
G．Whether having so much money is good or bad for trust-fund babies depends on how the family has prepared the kids, their personal qualities and how well they handle the pressures of great wealth and the fear of not inheriting．For every party girl like Paris Hilton, there's an Ivanka Trump, who got a business degree from wharton and has made her family's money and famous name valuable into a prosperous career．Johnson used his inheritance to launch a filmmaldng career and to live, all things considered, a relatively normal life in New York．"In my case, it turned out to be a great benefit," he says．
H．Most parents want to protect their children from the dark excesses of money--drugs, legal troubles, and so on--and preserve the family fortune for future generations．That usually doesn't work out: The fn'st generation makes the money, the second spends the majority of it, and the third drains the rest．Hence the old saying goes like " Shirt sleeves to shirt sleeves in three generations．" Traditionally, the wealthy gave all their money to their children and grandchildren, and then hoped for the best．Baby boomers, says consulting firm Accenture managing director Bob Gach, are living longer and struggling to balance their own retirement needs and interests with their children's weffare．Boomers are different from previous generations: more likely to give away money while they're still alive, more concerned about their adult children finding and keeping jobs．Excess properties typically go into tax-protected trusts．
I．There are really good reasons to leave a tegacy (遗产) in a thoughtful way--ways that promote the production and healthy lifestyles．Many trusts are structured to distribute inheritances at the specific ages determined in advance．A commonpractice is to give a third at 25, a third at 30 and the rest at35．Some inheritances are set up to encourage the heirs to graduate from college, marry or hold a job for a specific amount of years before any money will be released．
J．A lot of people don't like to talk about money because they don't want the kids to know how much they're actually worth or what they might inherit．Although adult children in the United States have no legal rights to their parents' money, it's rare for heirs to get cut off with nothing．But that doesn't mean they get everything．Bill Gates, the world's richest man, won't disclose the exact amount each of his three kids will inherit, but he said they'll get an "unbelievable" education and
health care and the reported $10 million, which still puts them fmnly in the One Percent--but not even close to their self-made father's billions．For that, they'll have to found their own empire．In terms of their income, they will have to pick a job they like and go to work．
If rich kids are well cultivated and prepared for the txust fund, it will be beneficial to their future．
3、听音频，
回答题
A．There isn't enough space in the living room.
B．There isn't enough space in bedrooms.
C．There aren't enough bedrooms.
D．There aren't enough closets.
4、听录音,回答题
A．The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.
B．The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.
C．McLaughlin was talking to his manager while, driving.
D．McLaughlin's carelessness resulted in the collision.
5、Questions are based on the following passage．
A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation's professional economists,
a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public．
"As a group, we are pro-market,,' says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraskaeconomist．"But women are more likely to accept government regflation and involvement in economicactivity than our male colleagues．"
"It's very puzzling," says free-market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at GeorgeMason University． "Not a day goes by that I don't ask myself why there are so few women economistson the free market side．"
A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life but changedher mind after studying economics． "We want many of the same things as liberals--less poverty, morehealth care--but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it．"
Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, saysmale economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other's anti-regulation views．Women, as outsiders, "are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says．
The gender balance in economics is changing． One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位)now goto women． "More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed," May says．Economists do agree on some things． Female economists agree with men that Europe has too muchregulation and that Wal-mart is good for society． Male economists agree with their female colleagues thatmilitary spending is too high．The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women． Maleeconomists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result ofindividuals' sldlls, experience and voluntary choices． Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by amargin of 4-to-1．
The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economies favor men Maleeconomists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral．
What is the finding of the new study?．
A．The gender divide is a big concern of the general public．
B． Men and women understand economics quite differently．
C． The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed．
D． Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy．
6、听录音，回答题
A．Rent a grave.
B．Burn the body.
C．Bury the dead near a church.
D．Buy a piece of land for a grave.
7、听录音,回答题
A．To go sightseeing．
B．To have meetings．
C．To promote a new champagne．
D．To join in a training program。
简答题
8、
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the pictureand then express your views on people's sharing everything online.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
9、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
颐和园(the Summer Palace)在天安门广场西北约15公里处，总面积290公顷。现存的颐和园是慈禧太后(Empress Dowager Ci Xi)于1888年挪用海军经费重建的。万寿山(Longevity Hill)是颐和园的中心，从山顶可以俯瞰全景，景色壮丽奇伟，吸引了许多游客。昆明湖占颐和园总面积的四分之三，夏天可以在那里游泳、划船，冬天则可以在那里溜冰。颐和园同时以其美丽的“画廊”——一条绘有精致风景画的木制长廊著称。
10、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You shouldstart your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express yourviews on individualism. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.
1、
Questions are based on the following passage.
The old saying of never forgetting a pretty face might be untrue as psychologists believe beautiful people are less likely to be recognized. A new study suggests that attractiveness can actually prevent the recognition of faces,unless a pretty face is particularly distinctive.
German psychologists think the recognition of pretty faces is distorted (扭曲 )by emotions. Scientists at the University of Jena, Germany, discovered that photos of unattractive people were more easily remembered than pretty ones when they showed them to a group of people. Researchers Holger Wiese, Carolin Altmann and Stefan Schweinberger from the university, wrote in their study: "We could show that the test subjects were more likely to remember unattractive faces than attractive ones, when the latter didn't have any particularly noticeable traits."
For the study, which was published in science magazine Neuropsychologia,the psychologists showed photos of faces to test subjects. Half of the faces were considered to be more attractive and the other half as less attractive, but all of them were being thought of as similarly distinctive looking. The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorize them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognized them or not.
The scientists were surprised by the result. "Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to memorize faces which are being perceived as attractive,just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces," Dr. Wiese said. But the study showed that such a connection cannot be easily sustained. He assumes that remembering pretty faces is distorted by emotional influences, which enhance the sense of recognition at a later time. The researchers' idea is backed up by evidence from EEG-recordings ( 脑电图记录) which show the brain's electric activity,which the scientists used during their experiment.
The study also revealed that in the case of attractive faces, considerably more false positiveresults were detected. In other words, people thought they recognized a face without having seen it before. "We obviously tend to believe that we recognize a face just because we find it attractive." Dr. Wiese said.
What can be inferred from the new study?
A．Beautiful people are particularly distinctive.
B．People are reluctant to recognize ugly faces.
C．Attractive faces are always easy to be recognized.
D．Attractiveness sometimes prevents the recognition of faces.
2、
Why the Super-Rich Aren't Leaving Much of Their Fortunes to Their Kids
A．What do Sting, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett have in common? All three have huge fortunes, and none of them are giving them to their kids．Sting just revealed that most of him $ 300 million would not end up with his six adult children．The musician said that he certainly didn't want to leave them trust funds that are obstacles round their necks．"They have to work．All my kids know that and they rarely ask me for anything, which I really respect and appreciate．"
B．Bill and Melinda Gates are giving a reported $10 million for each of their three children: pocketchange compared with their $ 76 billion．Buffett's three kid~ each have a $ 2 billion foundation funded by Dear Old Dad．The rest of his money goes to charity, just like Gates and several other billionaires who have invested their vast fortunes in improving the world．As Buffett famously put it, the perfect amount to leave children is "enough money so that they would feel they could do anything, but not so much that they could do nothing．"
C．All those spoiled rich kids with more money than sense won't make smart choices or live healthy, productive lives if they have unlimited access to the money they inherit．Celebrity chef Nigella Lawson has stated she has no intention of leaving a substantial inheritance: "I am determined that my children should have no financial security．It ruins people not having to earn money．"
D．Wealthy families have always struggled with this issue．But the same drama is now playing out on a smaller scale for millions of baby boomers (婴儿潮时期出生的人), who hesitate to give away $ 30 trillion over the next 30 years--the largest transfer of wealth in American history．What used to be a private family matter has become a public discussion about wealth, privilege and pemonal responsibility．Who gets the big money? Should it be the heirs? Or are they better off without it?
E．"We probably struggled over this more than any other issue," says a local self-made multi- millionaire．The businessman and his wife, worth hundreds of millions, grew up modestly in middle- class families and wanted to create a financial plan that would take care of their children--but not spoil them--if the couple died suddenly．"We were fearful of what might happen if they had control of a large amount of money at a young age," he says．"The more we stared at that, the more we became uncomfortable．"
F．Inspired by Buffett's example, they created trusts for each of their now college-age children．Each kid has $ 2．5 million controlled by trustees, who can release money only for education, health care, a home purchase or a business start-up．Any unspent money in the trust will continue to be invested and grow．Those restrictions remain in place until each child reaches age 40; after that, the money is all theirs to do as they please．By 40, their parents assume they will be mature enough to use the money wisely or save it as a safety net．The rest of the multimillion-dollar family fortune is going to a foundation, which will eventually be managed by the children and can be used only for charity．The kids are aware of the trusts and the planning that went into them．"They really are thrilled with it," their father says．"They want to be their own persons．" A huge inheritance, he
believes, can be a lifelong trap for children of rich parents．"I didn't want them to look in the mirror and say, ' Who am I?'"
G．Whether having so much money is good or bad for trust-fund babies depends on how the family has prepared the kids, their personal qualities and how well they handle the pressures of great wealth and the fear of not inheriting．For every party girl like Paris Hilton, there's an Ivanka Trump, who got a business degree from wharton and has made her family's money and famous name valuable into a prosperous career．Johnson used his inheritance to launch a filmmaldng career and to live, all things considered, a relatively normal life in New York．"In my case, it turned out to be a great benefit," he says．
H．Most parents want to protect their children from the dark excesses of money--drugs, legal troubles, and so on--and preserve the family fortune for future generations．That usually doesn't work out: The fn'st generation makes the money, the second spends the majority of it, and the third drains the rest．Hence the old saying goes like " Shirt sleeves to shirt sleeves in three generations．" Traditionally, the wealthy gave all their money to their children and grandchildren, and then hoped for the best．Baby boomers, says consulting firm Accenture managing director Bob Gach, are living longer and struggling to balance their own retirement needs and interests with their children's weffare．Boomers are different from previous generations: more likely to give away money while they're still alive, more concerned about their adult children finding and keeping jobs．Excess properties typically go into tax-protected trusts．
I．There are really good reasons to leave a tegacy (遗产) in a thoughtful way--ways that promote the production and healthy lifestyles．Many trusts are structured to distribute inheritances at the specific ages determined in advance．A commonpractice is to give a third at 25, a third at 30 and the rest at35．Some inheritances are set up to encourage the heirs to graduate from college, marry or hold a job for a specific amount of years before any money will be released．
J．A lot of people don't like to talk about money because they don't want the kids to know how much they're actually worth or what they might inherit．Although adult children in the United States have no legal rights to their parents' money, it's rare for heirs to get cut off with nothing．But that doesn't mean they get everything．Bill Gates, the world's richest man, won't disclose the exact amount each of his three kids will inherit, but he said they'll get an "unbelievable" education and
health care and the reported $10 million, which still puts them fmnly in the One Percent--but not even close to their self-made father's billions．For that, they'll have to found their own empire．In terms of their income, they will have to pick a job they like and go to work．
If rich kids are well cultivated and prepared for the txust fund, it will be beneficial to their future．
3、听音频，
点击播放
回答题
A．There isn't enough space in the living room.
B．There isn't enough space in bedrooms.
C．There aren't enough bedrooms.
D．There aren't enough closets.
4、听录音,回答题
A．The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.
B．The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.
C．McLaughlin was talking to his manager while, driving.
D．McLaughlin's carelessness resulted in the collision.
5、Questions are based on the following passage．
A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation's professional economists,
a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public．
"As a group, we are pro-market,,' says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraskaeconomist．"But women are more likely to accept government regflation and involvement in economicactivity than our male colleagues．"
"It's very puzzling," says free-market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at GeorgeMason University． "Not a day goes by that I don't ask myself why there are so few women economistson the free market side．"
A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life but changedher mind after studying economics． "We want many of the same things as liberals--less poverty, morehealth care--but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it．"
Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, saysmale economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other's anti-regulation views．Women, as outsiders, "are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says．
The gender balance in economics is changing． One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位)now goto women． "More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed," May says．Economists do agree on some things． Female economists agree with men that Europe has too muchregulation and that Wal-mart is good for society． Male economists agree with their female colleagues thatmilitary spending is too high．The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women． Maleeconomists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result ofindividuals' sldlls, experience and voluntary choices． Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by amargin of 4-to-1．
The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economies favor men Maleeconomists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral．
What is the finding of the new study?．
A．The gender divide is a big concern of the general public．
B． Men and women understand economics quite differently．
C． The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed．
D． Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy．
6、听录音，回答题
A．Rent a grave.
B．Burn the body.
C．Bury the dead near a church.
D．Buy a piece of land for a grave.
7、听录音,回答题
A．To go sightseeing．
B．To have meetings．
C．To promote a new champagne．
D．To join in a training program。
简答题
8、
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the pictureand then express your views on people's sharing everything online.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
9、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
颐和园(the Summer Palace)在天安门广场西北约15公里处，总面积290公顷。现存的颐和园是慈禧太后(Empress Dowager Ci Xi)于1888年挪用海军经费重建的。万寿山(Longevity Hill)是颐和园的中心，从山顶可以俯瞰全景，景色壮丽奇伟，吸引了许多游客。昆明湖占颐和园总面积的四分之三，夏天可以在那里游泳、划船，冬天则可以在那里溜冰。颐和园同时以其美丽的“画廊”——一条绘有精致风景画的木制长廊著称。
10、For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You shouldstart your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express yourviews on individualism. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.
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